Inventions and Inventors

Invention- Inventor- Year Invented

Automobile- Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler- 1885
Barbie doll- Ruth Handler- 1959
Basketball game- James Naismith- 1891
Battery- Alessandro Volta- 1800
Blue jeans- Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis- 1873
Braille typewriter- Frank Haven Hall- 1892
Bubble gum- Walter Diemer- 1928
Bunsen burner- Robert Wilhelm Bunsen- 1855
Camera- Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre- 1837
Chewing gum- Thomas Adams- 1870
Coca-Cola- John Pemberton- 1886
Computers- Konrad Zuse- 1936
Cotton candy- William Morrison and John C Wharton- 1897
Cotton Gin- Eli Whitney- 1794
Dishwasher- Joel Houghton- 1850
Electric iron- Henry W Seeley- 1882
Escalator- Jesse W Reno- 1891
Fountain pen- Lewis E Waterman- 1884
Light Bulb (first electric light)- Humphry Davy- 1809
Light Bulb (first bulb that burned for forty hours)- Thomas Alva Edison- 1879
Paper clip- Johann Vaaler- 1890
Penicillin- Alexander Fleming- 1928
Potato chips- George Crum- 1853
Printing machine- Johannes Gutenberg- 1440
Refrigerator- Oliver Evans- 1805
Sewing Machine- Barthelemy Thimonnier- 1830
Steam Engine- James Watt- 1765
Telephone- Alexander Graham Bell- 1876
Television- Paul Nipkow- 1884
Toilet paper- Joseph Gayetty- 1857
Typewriter- Christopher Latham Sholes- 1867
Vacuum cleaner- John S Thurman- 1899
Zipper- Whitcomb L Judson- 1893

World's Tallest Entities

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World's Tallest in Different Categories (As on 5th December 2011)

Bridge: Millau Viaduct, Millau (France). Situated in southern France it soars 1,125 feet into the air. it is higher than Eiffel Tower.

Building: Burj Khalifa, Dubai (UAE). It soars above downtown Dubai at 2,723 feet.

Church: Ulm Münster, Ulm (Germany). It is the world's tallest church, with a steeple measuring 531 feet.

Dam (Concrete dam): Grande Dixence (Switzerland). It is situated in the scenic Swiss canton of Valais. It is 935 feet tall. Generates power to light up 400,000 homes.

Fountain: King Fahd Fountain, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia). The fountain pulls saltwater from the Red Sea and shoots it 1,024 feet up into the air at speed of up to 233 miles per hour.

Geyser: Steamboat Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (USA). It is the largest active geyser in the world. The geyser can remain dormant for decades but whenever it erupts, the water and steam can reach height of 300 to 400 feet. 

Mountain: Mount Everest, Himalaya. The people of Tibet call it Chomolungma, mother goddess of the universe. The Nepalese call it Sagarmatha, goddess of the sky. To the Western world it was called Peak 15 until Sir George Everest, a British surveyor, measured its height. In 1865 the peak was given its name Mount Everest. It is 29,035 feet tall (as per National Geographic Society).

Pyramid: Giza (Egypt). The Great Pyramid of Giza is located ten miles west of Cairo over the Giza Plateau. It is one of the original seven wonders of the world. Original height: 480 feet. After erosion, the current height: 454 feet.

Roller Coaster (Steel roller coaster): Kingda Ka, Six Flags, New Jersey (USA). This roller coaster reaches a height of 456 feet before dropping the riders into a 270 degree spiral.

Statue: Spring Temple Buddha, Lushan, Henan (China). It is 502 feet tall.

Tree: Redwoods, California (USA). Sequoia sempervirens or California redwood  is a source of great height. In 2006, one such tree, known as Hyperion Redwood, was found deep in Humboldt Redwoods State Park. It measures 379.1 feet or 9 feet taller than the previous tallest tree.

Waterfall: Angel Falls, Auyantepui, Canaima National Park (Venezuela). It tumbles over the table-top mountain of Auyantepui, falling into a swirl of mist and water 3,212 feet below.

Water Ride: Pilgrim's Plunge, Santa Claus, Indiana (USA). It  drops 10 passengers from a height of 131 feet at speeds of 50 mph, down a water slide tilted at a terrifying 45 degree angle.

Wheel (Ferris wheel or observation wheel): Singapore Flyer, Singapore. It is 541 feet high. It takes 32 minutes to make one rotation. Another very popular observation wheel is the London Eye (London, UK), which is 442.9 feet high.

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Seven Natural Wonders of the World

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Seven Natural Wonders of the World

(Compiled by CNN)

• Aurora: or northern or southern lights. Usually occurs in the nights in the polar regions.
• Grand Canyon: massive steep sided gorge created by Colorado river in Arizona, USA.
• Great Barrier Reef: largest coral reef. It is located off the coast of Queensland in northeast Australia in the Coral sea.
• Harbor of Rio de Janeiro: located around Rio de Janeiro. Harbor of Rio de Janerio is surrounded by unique mountains and formations.
• Mount Everest: highest point (29,029 feet tall) on the surface of the earth  located in Himalayan mountain ranges.
• Paricutin: cinder cone volcano in Mexico. Paricutin was named one of the seven natural wonders as an active volcano. The volcano has been dormant since the last eruption in 1952.
• Victoria Falls: it is also called Mosi-oa-Tunya (the smoke that thunders). Located in southern Africa on the borders of Zambia and Zimbabwe.  Water source of the fall is Zambezi river.

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Best Brain Foods

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Best Brain-booster Foods

1. Avocado: Rich in vitamin E- an important antioxidant.
2. Blueberries: Rich antioxidant. Builds healthy connections between brain cells.
3. Broccoli: Contains antioxidants like vitamin C and brain-protecting plant compounds known as carotenoids.
4. Curry: Contains spices that reduce inflammation. Its ingredient curcumin is effective at clearing away proteins called amyloid plaques that can cause serious brain problems.
5. Dark chocolate: Dark chocolate with at least 70% cocoa has a good amount of of brain-boosting elements. It is also a good antioxidant. Dark chocolate boosts your serotonin to keep you happy. Contains just about OK level of caffeine to keep you alert.
6. Green and black tea: Rich source of catechines (antioxidants). Keep a check on frequency of drinking tea to not more than two to three cups a day since it contains caffeine.
7. Oily fish: Salmon, sardines and mackerel are rich in omega 3 fatty acids- essential for increasing brain function. Improves cognitive strength and alertness.
8. Seeds: Pumpkin seeds contain lots of zinc and magnesium which are brain-boosters.
9. Water: Every cell in the body needs water to remain healthy. Drinking enough water helps in boosting the brain power.
10. Wholegrain food: Increases cognitive function. Folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 found in whole grains help in improving the memory.

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Earth's Extremes

Ten Earth's Extremes

1. Hottest Place: Dalol, Danaki Depression, Ethiopia, Annual average temperature 34.4 C
2. Coldest Place: Plateau Station, Antarctica, Annual average temperature -56.7 C
3. Wettest Place: Mawsynram, India, Asia, Annual average rainfall 1143 centimeters
4. Driest Place: Atacama Desert, Chile, Rainfall barely measurable
5. Highest Waterfall: Angel, Venezuala, 979 meters
6. Largest Gorge: Grand Canyon, Colorado River, Arizona, USA, 466 kilometers long along river, 183 meters to 29 kilometers wide, about 1.6 kilometers deep
7. Deepest Gorge: Hells Canyon, Snake River, Idaho-Oregon, USA, 2408 meters
8. Longest Reef: Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 2012 kilometers
9. Greatest Tides: Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, 16 meters
10. Most Predictable Geyser: Old Faithful Geyser, Yellowstone National park, Wyoming, USA, It erupts at an average annual interval of 63 to 73 minutes

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Islands

Principal Islands and Their Areas

Sl No   Name of Island                                          Area (Sq KM)

1.         Greenland (North America)                           2175600
2.         New Guinea                                                  792500
3.         Borneo (Asia)                                                725500
4.         Madagascar (Africa)                                       587000
5.         Baffin (North America)                                    507500
6.         Sumatra (Asia)                                              427300
7.         British Isles (Europe)                                     227581
8.         Honshu (Asia)                                               227414
9.         Victoria (North America)                                 218100
10.       Ellesmere (North America)                              212687
11.       Sulawesi (Asia)                                             178700
12.       South Island (New Zealand, Australia)             151000
13.       Java (Asia)                                                    126700
14.       North Island (New Zealand, Australia)              114000
15.       Newfoundland (North America)                        111390

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Waterfalls

Major Waterfalls and Their Heights

Sl No     Name of Waterfall                   Height in Meters

1.           Angel Venezuela                                 979
2.           Tugela, South Africa                            853
3.           Yosemite, California USA                     738
4.           Mardalsfossen, Norway                       655
5.           Sutherland, New Zealand                     589
6.           Reichenbach, Switzerland                    548
7.           Wollomombi, Australia                        518
8.           Ribbon, California USA                        491
9.           Gavarnie, France                                422
10.         Tyssefallene, Norway                           414
11.         Krimmi, Austria                                   370
12.         King George VI, Guyana                      366
13.         Silver Strand, California USA                358
14.         Jog (Gersappa), India                          253
15.         Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe and Zambia    108
16.         Niagara Falls (USA, Canada)                51

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Principal Lakes

Major Lakes: Their Areas and Depths

Sl No     Name of Lake                                             Area (Sq KM)     Greatest Depth (M)

1.           Caspian Sea (Salt) (Asia-Europe)                  371000                  1025
2.           Superior (Fresh Water) (North America)           82100                    406
3.           Victoria (Africa)                                              69485                     82
4.           Aral Sea (Asia)                                              68682                     76
5.           Huron (North America)                                    59596                   223
6.           Michigan (North America)                                58016                   281
7.           Tanganyika (Africa)                                         32893                  1470
8.           Baikal (Asia)                                                  31492                  1620
9.           Great Bear (North America)                             31328                    446
10.        Malawi (Africa)                                                 23310                   695

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Oceans and Seas

Oceans and Major Seas and Their Areas

Sl No      Name of Ocean/Sea    Area in Thousand Sq KM

1.            Pacific Ocean                 165384
2.            Atlantic Ocean                 82217
3.            Indian Ocean                   72481
4.            Arctic Ocean                   14056
5.            Mediterranean Sea           2506
6.            South China Sea              2318
7.            Bering Sea                       2269
8.            Caribbean Sea                 1943
9.            Gulf of Mexico                 1544
10.          Sea of Okhotsk               1528
11.          East China Sea                1248
12.          Yellow Sea                      1243
13.          Hudson Bay                    1233
14.          Sea of Japan                   1008
15.          North Sea                        575
16.          Black Sea                        461
17.          Red Sea                          438
18.          Baltic Sea                        422    

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Continents

Continents and Their Areas

Sl No       Name of the Continent      Area (Sq KM)

1.             Asia                                     44250000
2.             Africa                                   30264000
3.             North America                      24397000
4.             South America                     17793000
5.             Antarctica                            13209000
6.             Europe                                10453000
7.             Australia                                8923000

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World's Population Touches 7 Billion on 31st October 2011

On 31st October 2011, the population of human beings on the planet Earth touched a new high of 7 billion. Seven billion = 7,000,000,000.

The countries that contribute the most towards making this number are given below.

Most Populous Countries: Latest Available Tally on the Date Indicated Against Each Country

1. China- 1.34 billion in November 2010
2. India- 1.2 billion in March 2011 (India may overtake China around 2030 with an estimated population of 1.6 billion people)
3. USA- 312.4 million in October 2011
4. Indonesia- 237.5 million in May 2010
5. Brazil- 190.7 million in August 2010
6. Pakistan- 177.5 million in October 2011
7. Nigeria- 158.4 million in 2010
8. Bangladesh- 151.4 million in October 2011
9. Russia- 142.9 million in January 2011
10. Japan- 127.9 million in June 2011
11. Mexico- 112.3 million in April 2011
12. Philippines- 94 million in mid-2010
13. Vietnam- 87.3 million
14. Ethiopia- 82.1 million
15. Germany- 81.7 million in 2011
16. Egypt- 80.9 million
17. Iran- 75.7 million in October 2011
18. Turkey- 73.7 million in December 2010
19. Thailand- 67 million
20. Democratic Republic of the Congo- 65.9 million
21. France- 65.8 million in January 2011
22. UK- 62.4 million in January 2011
23. Italy- 60.6 million in December 2010
24. South Africa- 50.5 million in July 2011
25. South Korea- 48.9 million in 2011

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Area of Countries

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Area of Countries

The total land area of the world: 148,940,000 sq km (57,510,000 sq mi) which is about 29.1% of the Earth's surface area.

Serial No	Country	Area (sq km)	Area (sq mi)	% of Total
1	Russia	17,098,242	6,601,668	11.5%
2	Canada	9,984,670	3,855,100	6.7%
3/4	United States	9,629,091	3,717,813	6.5%
3/4	People's Republic of China	9,596,961	3,705,407	6.4%
5	Brazil	8,514,877	3,287,612	5.7%
6	Australia	7,692,024	2,969,907	5.2%
7	India	3,287,263	1,269,219	2.3%
8	Argentina	2,780,400	1,073,500	2%
9	Kazakhstan	2,724,900	1,052,100	1.8%
10	Algeria	2,381,741	919,595	1.6%
11	Democratic Republic of the Congo	2,344,858	905,355	1.6%
12	Greenland	2,166,086	836,330	1.5%
13	Saudi Arabia	2,149,690	830,000	1.4%
14	Mexico	1,964,375	758,449	1.3%
15	Indonesia	1,910,931	737,815	1.3%
16	Sudan	1,861,484	718,723	1.3%
17	Libya	1,759,540	679,360	1.2%
18	Iran	1,628,750	628,860	1.1%
19	Mongolia	1,564,100	603,900	1.1%
20	Peru	1,285,216	496,225	0.86%
21	Chad	1,284,000	496,000	0.86%
22	Niger	1,267,000	489,000	0.85%
23	Angola	1,246,700	481,400	0.85%
24	Mali	1,240,192	478,841	0.83%
25	South Africa	1,221,037	471,445	0.82%
26	Colombia	1,141,748	440,831	0.76%
27	Ethiopia	1,104,300	426,400	0.74%
28	Bolivia	1,098,581	424,164	0.74%
29	Mauritania	1,025,520	395,960	0.69%
30	Egypt	1,002,000	387,000	0.67%
31	Tanzania	945,087	364,900	0.63%
32	Nigeria	923,768	356,669	0.62%
33	Venezuela	912,050	352,140	0.61%
34	Namibia	824,268	318,252	0.55%
35	Mozambique	801,590	309,500	0.54%
36	Pakistan	796,095	307,374	0.59%
37	Turkey	783,562	302,535	0.53%
38	Chile	756,102	291,933	0.51%
39	Zambia	752,612	290,585	0.51%
40	Burma	676,578	261,228	0.45%
41	Afghanistan	652,090	251,770	0.44%
42	France	640,294	247,219	0.43%
43	Somalia	637,657	246,201	0.43%
44	Central African Republic	622,984	240,535	0.42%
45	South Sudan	619,745	239,285	0.42%
46	Ukraine	603,500	233,000	0.41%
47	Madagascar	587,041	226,658	0.39%
48	Botswana	582,000	225,000	0.39%
49	Kenya	580,367	224,081	0.39%
50	Yemen	527,968	203,850	0.35%
51	Thailand	513,120	198,120	0.34%
52	Spain	505,992	195,365	0.34%
53	Turkmenistan	488,100	188,500	0.33%
54	Cameroon	475,442	183,569	0.32%
55	Papua New Guinea	462,840	178,700	0.31%
56	Sweden	450,295	173,860	0.30%
57	Uzbekistan	447,400	172,700	0.30%
58	Morocco	446,550	172,410	0.30%
59	Iraq	435,244	168,049	0.29%
60	Paraguay	406,752	157,048	0.27%
61	Zimbabwe	390,757	150,872	0.26%
62	Japan	377,930	145,920	0.25%
63	Germany	357,114	137,882	0.24%
64	Republic of the Congo	342,000	132,000	0.23%
65	Finland	338,424	130,666	0.23%
66	Vietnam	331,212	127,882	0.22%
67	Malaysia	330,803	127,724	0.22%
68	Norway	323,782	125,013	0.22%
69	Côte d'Ivoire	322,463	124,504	0.22%
70	Poland	312,685	120,728	0.21%
71	Oman	309,500	119,500	0.21%
72	Italy	301,336	116,346	0.20%
73	Philippines	300,000	115,800	0.20%
74	Burkina Faso	272,967	105,393	0.18%
75	New Zealand	270,467	104,428	0.18%
76	Gabon	267,668	103,347	0.18%
77	Western Sahara	266,000	103,000	0.18%
78	Ecuador	256,369	98,985	0.20%
79	Guinea	245,857	94,926	0.17%
80	United Kingdom	242,900	93,800	0.16%
81	Uganda	241,550	93,260	0.16%
82	Ghana	238,533	92,098	0.16%
83	Romania	238,391	92,043	0.16%
84	Laos	236,800	91,400	0.16%
85	Guyana	214,969	83,000	0.14%
86	Belarus	207,600	80,200	0.14%
87	Kyrgyzstan	199,951	77,202	0.13%
88	Senegal	196,722	75,955	0.13%
89	Syria	185,180	71,500	0.12%
90	Cambodia	181,035	69,898	0.12%
91	Uruguay	176,215	68,037	0.12%
92	Suriname	163,820	63,250	0.11%
93	Tunisia	163,610	63,170	0.11%
94	Nepal	147,181	56,827	0.10%
95	Bangladesh	143,998	55,598	0.10%
96	Tajikistan	143,100	55,300	0.10%
97	Greece	131,957	50,949	0.09%
98	Nicaragua	130,373	50,337	0.09%
99	North Korea	120,538	46,540	0.08%
100	Malawi	118,484	45,747	0.08%
101	Eritrea	117,600	45,400	0.08%
102	Benin	112,622	43,484	0.08%
103	Honduras	112,492	43,433	0.08%
104	Liberia	111,369	43,000	0.07%
105	Bulgaria	110,879	42,811	0.07%
106	Cuba	109,886	42,427	0.07%
107	Guatemala	108,889	42,042	0.07%
108	Iceland	103,000	40,000	0.07%
109	South Korea	99,828	38,544	0.07%
110	Hungary	93,028	35,918	0.06%
111	Portugal	92,090	35,560	0.06%
112	Jordan	89,342	34,495	0.06%
113	Serbia	88,361	34,116	0.06%
114	Azerbaijan	86,600	33,400	0.06%
115	Austria	83,871	32,383	0.06%
116	United Arab Emirates	83,600	32,300	0.06%
117	Czech Republic	78,865	30,450	0.05%
118	Panama	75,417	29,119	0.05%
119	Sierra Leone	71,740	27,700	0.05%
120	Ireland	70,273	27,133	0.05%
121	Georgia	69,700	26,900	0.05%
122	Sri Lanka	65,610	25,330	0.04%
123	Lithuania	65,300	25,200	0.04%
124	Latvia	64,559	24,926	0.04%
125	Svalbard and Jan Mayen	62,422	24,101	0.04%
126	Togo	56,785	21,925	0.04%
127	Croatia	56,594	21,851	0.04%
128	Bosnia and Herzegovina	51,197	19,767	0.03%
129	Costa Rica	51,100	19,700	0.03%
130	Slovakia	49,037	18,933	0.03%
131	Dominican Republic	48,671	18,792	0.03%
132	Estonia	45,227	17,462	0.03%
133	Denmark	43,094	16,639	0.03%
134	Switzerland	41,277	15,937	0.03%
135	Bhutan	38,394	14,824	0.03%
136	Netherlands	37,354	14,422	0.03%
137	Republic of China (Taiwan)	36,188	13,972	0.02%
138	Guinea-Bissau	36,125	13,948	0.02%
139	Moldova	33,846	13,068	0.02%
140	Belgium	30,528	11,787	0.02%
141	Lesotho	30,355	11,720	0.02%
142	Armenia	29,743	11,484	0.02%
143	Solomon Islands	28,896	11,157	0.02%
144	Albania	28,748	11,100	0.02%
145	Equatorial Guinea	28,051	10,831	0.02%
146	Burundi	27,834	10,747	0.02%
147	Haiti	27,750	10,710	0.02%
148	Rwanda	26,338	10,169	0.02%
149	Macedonia	25,713	9,928	0.02%
150	Djibouti	23,200	9,000	0.02%
151	Belize	22,966	8,867	0.02%
152	Israel	22,072	8,522	0.01%
153	El Salvador	21,041	8,124	0.01%
154	Slovenia	20,273	7,827	0.01%
155	New Caledonia	18,575	7,172	0.01%
156	Fiji	18,272	7,055	0.01%
157	Kuwait	17,818	6,880	0.01%
158	Swaziland	17,364	6,704	0.01%
159	East Timor	14,874	5,743	<0.01%
160	The Bahamas	13,943	5,383	<0.01%
161	Montenegro	13,812	5,333	<0.01%
162	Vanuatu	12,189	4,706	<0.01%
163	Falkland Islands	12,173	4,700	<0.01%
164	Qatar	11,586	4,473	<0.01%
165	The Gambia	11,295	4,361	<0.01%
166	Jamaica	10,991	4,244	<0.01%
167	Lebanon	10,452	4,036	<0.01%
168	Cyprus	9,251	3,572	<0.01%
169	Puerto Rico	8,870	3,420	<0.01%
170	French Southern and Antarctic Lands	7,447	2,875	<0.01%
171	Palestinian territories	6,020	2,320	<0.01%
172	Brunei	5,765	2,226	<0.01%
173	Trinidad and Tobago	5,130	1,980	<0.01%
174	Cape Verde	4,033	1,557	<0.01%
175	French Polynesia	4,000	1,500	<0.01%
176	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	3,903	1,507	<0.01%
177	Samoa	2,842	1,097	<0.01%
178	Luxembourg	2,586	998	<0.01%
179	Comoros	2,235	863	<0.01%
180	Mauritius	1,969	760	<0.01%
181	Faroe Islands	1,393	538	<0.001%
182	Hong Kong	1,104	426	<0.001%
183	São Tomé and Príncipe	964	372	<0.001%
184	Turks and Caicos Islands	948	366	<0.001%
185	Bahrain	758	293	<0.001%
186	Dominica	751	290	<0.001%
187	Tonga	747	288	<0.001%
188	Kiribati	726	280	<0.001%
189	Singapore	710	270	<0.001%
190	Federated States of Micronesia	702	271	<0.001%
191	Isle of Man	572	221	<0.001%
192	Guam	549	212	<0.001%
193	Saint Lucia	539	208	<0.001%
194	Andorra	468	181	<0.001%
195	Northern Mariana Islands	464	179	<0.001%
196	Palau	459	177	<0.001%
197	Seychelles	452	175	<0.01%
198	Curaçao	444	171	<0.001%
199	Antigua and Barbuda	442	171	<0.001%
200	Barbados	430	170	<0.001%
201	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	389	150	<0.001%
202	United States Virgin Islands	347	134	<0.001%
203	Grenada	344	133	<0.001%
204	Malta	316	122	<0.001%
205	Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	308	119	<0.001%
206	Maldives	300	120	<0.001%
207	Cayman Islands	264	102	<0.001%
208	Saint Kitts and Nevis	261	101	<0.001%
209	Niue	260	100	<0.001%
210	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	242	93	<0.001%
211	Cook Islands	236	91	<0.001%
212	American Samoa	199	77	<0.001%
213	Marshall Islands	181	70	<0.001%
214	Aruba	180	69	<0.001%
215	Liechtenstein	160	62	<0.001%
216	British Virgin Islands	151	58	<0.001%
217	Wallis and Futuna	142	55	<0.0001%
218	Jersey	116	45	<0.0001%
219	Montserrat	102	39	<0.0001%
220	Anguilla	91	35	<0.0001%
221	Guernsey	78	30	<0.0001%
222	San Marino	61	24	<0.0001%
223	British Indian Ocean Territory	60	23	<0.0001%
224	Saint Martin	56	22	<0.0001%
225	Bermuda	54	21	<0.0001%
226	Pitcairn Islands	47	18	<0.0001%
227	Norfolk Island	36	14	<0.0001%
228	Sint Maarten	34	13	<0.0001%
229	Macau	30	12	<0.0001%
230	Tuvalu	26	10	<0.0001%
231	Saint Barthélemy	24	9.3	<0.0001%
232	Nauru	21	8.1	<0.0001%
233	Tokelau	12	4.6	<0.00001%
234	Gibraltar	6	2.3	<0.00001%
235	Monaco	2	0.77	<0.00001%
236	Vatican City	0.44	0.17	<0.000001%

Most Polluted Towns/Cities of the World

For more General Knowledge (top 5 and top 10 of every thing) also refer: http://top-five-everything.blogspot.com/ and http://top-ten-anything.blogspot.com/

Also refer for various Home Tips: http://home-tips-tricks.blogspot.com/

Following is the Blacksmith Institute's list of the world's most polluted towns/cities:

1. Sumgayit, Azerbaijan

It is located near the Caspian Sea, about 31 kilometres away from the national capital, Baku. Population: 308,700 approximately. Type of Pollutants: Organic chemicals, oil, heavy metals. including mercury

2. Linfen, China

A prefecture level city. It is situated on the banks of river Fen in southern Shanxi province of China. Population: 4,316,612 approximately.Type of Pollutants: Flyash, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, PM-2.5, PM-10, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, arsenic, lead.

3. Tianying, China

This town is in the northwest of Anhui Province in China. Population: 26,095 approximately. Type of Pollutants: Lead and other heavy metals.

4. Sukinda, India

It is a town in Jajpur district of Orissa. Type of Pollutants: Hexavalent chromium and other metals.

5. La Oroya, Peru

It is situated on the River Mantaro in central Peru, about 176 km east-north-east of the national capital, Lima. Population: 33,000 approximately. Type of Pollutants: Lead, copper, zinc, and sulfur dioxide.

6. Dzerzinsk, Russia

The city is situated along the Oka river, about 400 kilometres east of Moscow. Population: 240,800 approximately. Type of Pollutants: Chemicals and toxic byproducts, including Sarin, VX gas, etc. Also lead, phenols.

7. Norilsk, Russia

It is the northernmost city in Siberia. Population: 175,300 approximately. Type of Pollutants: Air pollution particulates, sulfur dioxide, heavy metals, phenols, hydrogen sulfide.

8. Chernobyl, Ukraine

The city was the site of the world's worst nuclear disaster that took place on April 26, 1986 when testing in the Chernobyl power plant triggered a fiery meltdown of the reactor's core. Thirty people were killed in the accident, 135,000 were evacuated and one hundred times more radiation was released than by the atom bombs dropped over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Type of pollutants: Radioactive dust including uranium, plutonium, cesium-137, strontium, and other metals

9. Kabwe, Zambia

It is the capital of the Zambian Central Province. Population: 210,000 approximately. Type of Pollutants: Lead, cadmium.

For more General Knowledge (top 5 and top 10 of every thing) also refer: http://top-five-everything.blogspot.com/ and http://top-ten-anything.blogspot.com/

Also refer for various Home Tips: http://home-tips-tricks.blogspot.com/